SACRAMENTO, Calif. — From bare shoulders in California’s Capitol building to Muslim head scarves at Disneyland to no “bling” in the NBA: What’s acceptable attire — or not — in the workplace is as rumpled as an ill-fitting suit.

It’s a problem that has permeated office cubicles and corporate culture for decades.

“There’s been a million books written on ’dress for success,’ but there’s still a lot of uncertainty,” said Kimberly Elsbach, a graduate school of management professor at the University of California-Davis.

And as employers have found, it’s never easy defining what’s appropriate, no matter the workplace.

“It’s a minefield as far as misinterpretation or causing bad feelings,” said Tom Nearn, operations manager for Generations law firm in Sacramento.

Just last week, the California Assembly caused a mini-flap when it abruptly announced that women in the Capitol’s lower house need to cover up with a jacket or sweater.

On Friday, the Assembly just as abruptly yanked the policy, shelving the idea until it can clear up the confusion over what is “business attire.”

Over the years, Nearn’s firm has tried a number of ways to convey what it wanted, including the innocuous advice to “dress professionally.” But low-cut tops and leggings worn to work by junior attorneys made him realize an intervention was required. He brought in a professional clothing expert, who met with the firm’s attorneys.

The result: “It turned the corner for us as far as good communication on how to dress and project the image you want.”

It’s not a problem everywhere, of course.

Diane D. Miller, president and CEO of Wilson Miller & Nelson, a Sacramento career and executive coaching firm, said: “We don’t find tank tops and cleavage at the executive ranks. ... Men and women who are serious about their work make sure they look like it.”

But there are generational differences as to what’s “appropriate,” and there are differences across corporate cultures. The loosened-up environment at Apple or Pixar has completely different clothing requirements than a more buttoned-down insurance or financial services company, Elsbach notes.

Part of the problem is that easygoing styles like cargo shorts or spaghetti-strap tops are everywhere in public, but they’re not always welcome in the workplace.

“We’ve had to address low tops, short skirts, tight clothing. Either too much or not enough,” said Debbe Dreher, vice president of Association Resource Center, whose 44 employees are primarily women.

“You don’t want to be offensive or critical of an employee,” she said, “but at the same time you have to look at the impression they’re giving your clients.”

Dreher’s Folsom, Calif., company is a trade association management firm. She also is executive director of the 700-member Sacramento Area Human Resources Association.

She said most companies have a written policy on dress so the expectations are clear. At her firm, employees whose workday attire is problematic first get an oral warning; if skimpy attire continues, it’s written up and goes in their personnel file.

Nationally, the issue has spawned plenty of legal complaints, like the recent case brought against Disneyland by a Muslim employee who was barred from wearing a head scarf.

“As a consequence of our society’s increased obsession with appearance ... courts have seen ’appearance-based’ litigation become more prevalent,” said Jennifer Fowler-Hermes, a labor/employment law attorney writing in the April 2001 issue of the Florida Bar Journal.

It’s clear some clarity is desired.

Miller said some companies are dropping their “business casual” policies because employees don’t understand the term. “When the staff starts wearing clothes they would wear to the market on the weekends, you’ve got trouble. Certainly a client visiting your office immediately forms an impression.”

At UC-Davis, the graduate business school hosts an etiquette class for incoming students that includes what to wear to work and to business functions.

“It really worries students,” Elsbach said — and women bear the brunt of that. There’s an expectation they’ll stay current with fashion trends and won’t wear the same ensemble repeatedly, whereas men don’t get the same scrutiny.

“You’d never see (House Speaker) Nancy Pelosi wearing last year’s suit. But you’d probably never even know if (Vice President) Joe Biden was wearing a suit that was 10 years out of date.”

Like it or not, “it’s a world where people are judged by their first impressions,” said Donna Bland, interim CEO of Golden 1 Credit Union, which maintains a generalized dress code. Branch tellers who greet the public must wear a shirt and tie (men) or businesslike skirt, dress or pants (women).

And yes, bare shoulders are permissible.

“As long as it’s conservative and in good taste,” Bland said, “a woman can wear a sleeveless top.”

In the end, “You’re never going to get consensus on appropriate dress,” said Elsbach. “It’s a personal style question. But it’s always better to err on the side of being more professional, than less.”