WASHINGTON — President Obama appealed for cooperation and compromise from congressional leaders Friday, saying that surmounting the so-called fiscal cliff at year’s end is “urgent business.”

Obama spoke as he convened congressional leaders at the White House for an opening round of deficit talks -- their first meeting since the election.

Obama has insisted that any deal involve higher taxes on the top 2 percent of income earners. Republicans leaders are vowing to resist rate hikes as job-killers, though they’ve signaled they’re open to added revenue through curbs on deductions and credits.

The combination of tax hikes and automatic spending cuts will hit New Year’s Day unless lawmakers and Obama act. Top economists have warned the nation could be plunged back into recession if they don’t.

Although Obama’s GOP rivals have talked of revenue in terms other than higher tax rates, Democrats face pressure from liberal interest groups to avoid cutting big benefit programs like Medicare and food stamps. It’s up to Obama to navigate the course toward an agreement.

At issue is a one-two punch of expiring Bush-era tax reductions and across-the-board spending cuts set to hit in January as punishment for the failure of a gridlocked Congress to reach a deficit-cutting deal last year. Economists and business leaders warn the combination could send the economy back into recession, and all sides in Washington say they want to avoid going over the cliff.

Attending the meeting with Obama were the top four leaders of Congress: House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky.

The White House says Obama’s starting point for negotiations is his February budget plan, which combined $1.6 trillion in new revenues over the coming decade — chiefly from upper-income earners — with modest cuts to benefits programs. Obama’s plan promises $4.4 trillion in deficit cuts over 10 years, but more than half of that comes by banking already accomplished cuts and questionable savings from winding down military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.

In the run-up to the meeting, Obama has been firm that taxes are going up on upper-bracket earners, though Boehner and McConnell are adamant that his campaign promise of raising the top income tax rate on family income exceeding $250,000 a year is a nonstarter.

“When it comes to the top 2 percent, what I’m not going to do is to extend further a tax cut for folks who don’t need it,” Obama said at his news conference Wednesday.

Obama will press the leaders to make sure that taxes don’t go up on 98 percent of American families and 97 percent of small businesses at the end of the year. The White House says Obama is willing to compromise on a deficit-reduction plan, but only if it asks for more revenues from wealthier Americans.

The bargaining landscape has shifted markedly in Obama’s favor since his failed talks with Boehner in the summer of 2011 on a “grand bargain” on the budget. Then, Obama squared off against a tea party-driven House on the need to extend the government’s ability to borrow to avoid a market-crunching first-ever default on its obligations.

Now, freshly re-elected, Obama is putting Republicans on notice that he’s willing to mount a national campaign blaming them for holding up renewing tax cuts for all with an ultimatum about renewing tax cuts for upper-income earners.

“If you have looked closely at what the president had to say and looked closely at what I have had to say, you know, there are no barriers here to sitting down and beginning to work through this process,” Boehner said Wednesday.

McConnell, however, has adopted a harsher tone.

The roadblocks to a deal may come from Obama’s left flank as much as they do from his conservative GOP rivals. Liberal Democrats are adamant that the measure not touch Social Security or raise the eligibility age for Medicare. Both ideas were in the mix when Obama negotiated with Boehner last summer, but top Senate Democrat Reid insists that ideas like a lower inflation adjustment for Social Security are off the table now.

On Friday afternoon, Obama  will continue his efforts to build a coalition of support for his position when he and Vice President Joe Biden meet with leaders of civil rights and other organizations. The president has already met with leaders of labor and liberal organizations as well as corporate CEOs who have backed his call for greater tax revenue.